Request InformationOther SEM Resources
Enrollment Management
Albright, J. (1986). Enrollment management: Successor to marketing or its synonym? College and University, 61 (2).
Bial, D., & Rodriguez, A. (2007). Identifying a diverse student body: Selective college admissions and alternative approaches. New Directions for Student Services (118), 17–30.
Binder, S. & Aldrich-Langen, C. (1995, Fall). Fiscal and human resources to support enrollment management. New Directions for Student Services, (71).
Black, J. (2004, Spring). Defining enrollment management: The structural frame. College and University Journal, 79 (4), 37–39.
Black, J. (Ed.). (2004). Essentials of enrollment management: Cases in the field. Washington, DC: American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers.
Black, J. (2004). Emerging themes and models. In J. Black (Ed.), Essentials of enrollment management: Cases in the field. Washington, DC: American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers.
Black, J. (2004). Enrollment management architecture. In J. Black (Ed.), Essentials of enrollment management: Cases in the field. Washington, DC: American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers.
Black, J. (2003). Enrollment management. In G. L. Kramer (Ed.), Student academic services: A comprehensive handbook for the 21st century. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Black, J. (Ed.). (2001). The strategic enrollment management revolution. Washington, DC: American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers.
Black, J. (2000). The integration of enrollment management with the academic enterprise. Data Dispenser, XV (2).
Black, J. (2000). Enrollment management: The power of one-to-one. Data Dispenser, XV (1).
Black, J., (1999). Navigating change in the new millennium: Enrollment leadership strategies. Washington, DC: American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers.
Black, J. (1998). A SEM health assessment. Paper presented at the Strategic Enrollment Management Conference, American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers, Aspen, CO.
Bontrager, B. (2004). Strategic enrollment management: Core strategies and best practices. College and University, 79 (4), 9.
Bontrager, B. (2007). The brave new world of strategic enrollment management. College & University, 82 (2), 3–6.
Bryant, P., Gardner, J. N., & Hossler, D. (2001, March 8). Organizing for enrollment management: Keys to student and institutional success. Teleconference sponsored by the National Resource Center for The First-Year Experience and Students in Transition, Columbia, SC.
Burch, B. (2006). An interview with Jim Black. College and University, 81, 45–51.
Campbell, J. P., DeBlois, P. B., & Oblinger, D. G. (2007). Academic analytics: A new tool for a new era. EDUCAUSE Review, 42 (4), 40–42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 54, 56–57.
Clifton, J. (2001, Fall). Meeting the strategic enrollment management deadline. On Target (34), 8–13.
Crockett, D. S. (2002, June). A presidential perspective on successful enrollment programs: Student recruitment. Paper presented at the Noel-Levitz Presidential Enrollment Management Institute, Vail, CO.
Dennis, M. J. (1998). A practical guide to enrollment and retention management in higher education. Connecticut: Bergin & Garvey.
Devine, J. (1987, Fall). Advising and admission: Partners in enrollment management. Journal of College Admissions, (117).
Diffenbach, J. (1987). Expert systems could be a valuable new tool for enrollment management. College and University, 62 (4).
Dolence, M. G., Miyahara, D. H., Grajeda, J. & Rapp, C. (1987–88). Strategic enrollment management and planning. Planning for Higher Education, 16 (3).
Dolence, M. G. (1988–89). Evaluation criteria for an enrollment management program. Planning for Higher Education, 18 (1).
Dolence, M. G. (1993). Strategic enrollment management: A primer for campus administrators. Washington, DC: American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers.
Dolence, M. G. (1996). Strategic enrollment management: Cases from the field. Washington, DC: American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers.
Dolence, M. G. (1997). Strategic enrollment management: The evolving SEM concept. In R. M. Swanson & F. A. Weese (Eds.), Becoming a leader in enrollment services. Washington, DC: American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers.
Donhardt, G. (1995). Tracking student enrollments using the Markov Chain, comprehensive tool for enrollment management. Journal of College Student Development, 36 (5).
Dixon, R. R. (1995). Making enrollment management work. New Directions for Student Services (71).
Fischbach, R. (2006). Assessing the impact of university open house activities. College Student Journal, 40 (1), 227–232.
Henderson, S. (Winter 2005). Refocusing enrollment management: Losing structure and finding the academic context. College and University, 80 (3). Washington, DC: American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers.
Hossler, D. (1984). Enrollment management—an integrated approach. New York: College Entrance Examination Board.
Hossler, D. (1986). Creating effective enrollment management systems. New York: College Entrance Examination Board.
Hossler, D. & Kemerer, F. R. (1986). Enrollment management and its context. In D. Hossler (Ed.), Managing college enrollments: New directions for higher education. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Hossler, D. (1987). Enrollment management: Institutional applications. College and University, 62 (2).
Hossler, D., Bean, J.P., & Associates. (1990). The strategic planning of college enrollments. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Hossler, D. & Hoezee, L. (2001). Conceptual and theoretical thinking about enrollment management. In J. Black (Ed.), The strategic enrollment management revolution, 57–72. Washington, DC: American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers.
Huddleston, T. & Rumbough, L. (1997, Spring). Evaluating the enrollment management organization. College & University.
Huddleson, T. (2000). Enrollment management. New Directions for Higher Education. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Huddleston, T. (2001). Building the enrollment management organizational model. In J. Black (Ed.), The strategic enrollment management revolution, 125–148. Washington, DC: American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers.
Johnson, A. (2000). The evolution of enrollment management: A historical perspective. Journal of College Admission, (166).
Jonas, P. M. & Popovics, A. J. (2000, Fall). Beyond the enrollment management division: The enrollment management organization. College & University, 76 (2), 3–8.
Kalsbeek, D. H. (2001). Tomorrow’s SEM organization: New perspectives and priorities for a changing workforce. In J. Black (Ed.), The strategic enrollment management revolution, 185–207. Washington, DC: American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers.
Kalsbeek, D. (2002). The Enrollment/Marketing symbiosis. Trusteeship, 10 (2), 14–19.
Kalsbeek, D. H. (2006). Some reflections on SEM structures and strategies, part one. College and University, 81 (3), 3–10.
Kalsbeek, D. H. (2006). Some reflections on SEM structures and strategies, part two. College and University, 81 (4), 3–10.
Kalsbeek, D. H. (2007). Reflections on strategic enrollment management structures and strategies, part three. College and University, 82 (3), 3.
Kemer, F., Baldrige, J. V., & Green, K. (1982). Strategies for effective enrollment management. Washington, DC: American Association of State Colleges and Universities.
Kreutner, L. & Godfrey, E. S. (1980-81, Winter). Enrollment management: A new vehicle for institutional renewal. The College Board Review (118).
Krotseng, M. (1992, Spring). Case study: Using enrollment management to enhance quality at the University of Hartford. College and University, 67 (3).
Krotseng, M. (1993, Spring). Designing executive information systems for enrollment management. New Directions for Institutional Research, (77).
Kurz, K. (1995, Fall). The changing role of financial aid and enrollment management. New Directions for Student Services, (71).
Lapovsky, L. (1999, March). An enrollment management tool. Business Officer, 32 (9).
Luan, J., & Zhao, C. (2006). Practicing data mining for enrollment management and beyond. New Directions for Institutional Research, (131), 117–122.
Luna, A. (1999, Spring). Using a matrix model for enrollment management. Planning for Higher Education, 27 (3).
Massa, R. (2001). Developing a SEM plan. In J. Black (Ed.), The strategic enrollment management revolution, pp. 149–171. Washington, DC: American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers.
McDonough, P. (1994). Buying and selling higher education: the social construction of the college applicant. Journal of Higher Education, 65.
Mortenson, T. G. (2001). The environment for higher education opportunity. In J. Black (Ed.), The strategic enrollment management revolution, pp. 37–55. Washington, DC: American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers.
National enrollment management survey [Online report available only to survey participants]. (2000). Littleton, CO: USA Group Noel-Levitz [Producer and Distributor].
Padgett, R. (2007). Marketing schools for survival. Education Digest: Essential Readings Condensed for Quick Review, 72 (9), 37–38.
Paulsen, M. (1990). Enrollment management with academic portfolio strategies: Preparing for environment-induced changes in student preferences. Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 3 (1).
Penn, G. (1999). Enrollment management for the 21st Century: Institutional goals, accountability, and fiscal responsibility. ASHE-ERIC Higher Education Rep. 26 (7). Washington, DC: The George Washington University, Graduate School of Education and Human Development.
Rodgers, M., & Zimar, H. (2004). SEM anthology. American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers.
Sandmeyer, L. E., Dooris, M. J., & Barlock, R. W. (2004). Integrated planning for enrollment, facilities, budget, and staffing: Penn Sate University. New Directions for Institutional Research, (123), 89–96.
Schmidt, S. (2007, February 21). Colleges face huge enrolment plunge. The Ottawa Citizen, p. A.3.
Shirazi, A. (2005, September). Early college awareness as an enrollment management strategy. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 29 (8). Routledge, part of the Taylor & Francis Group.
Smith, C. (2007). Finding the academic context: Involving faculty in strategic enrollment management. College and University, 82 (3), 39.
Stevenson, J. (1996). A synopsis for outcome-based versus income-focused enrollment management. Education, 116.
Swail, W. S. (2002, July/August). Higher education and the new demographics. Change, 34 (4), 15–23.
Wang, Y., & Pilarzyk, T. (2007). Mapping the enrollment process: Implications of setting deadlines for student success and college management. Journal of College Admission, (197), 24.
Williams, T. (2003). Enrollment strategies to serve tomorrow's students. Priorities, (21).
Wolff, T. L. & Bryant, P. S. (1999). Top ten trends in enrollment management. Synopsis, 1–7. Colorado: USA Group Foundation.
Marketing
Arnett, D., Rawls, J., Wittman, C., & Wilson, B. (2003). Encouraging future helping behaviors: The role of student-faculty relationships in higher education marketing. Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 13 (1/2).
Black, J. (2004). Integrated college and university marketing. In R. Whiteside (Ed.), Student marketing for colleges and universities. Washington, DC: American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers.
Black, J. (2002, March). Are you ignoring a growing audience? The Greentree Gazette.
Black, J. (2001, November). It’s the student, not the software. The Greentree Gazette.
Black, J. (2001, September). Fragmented marketing: Causes and cures. The Greentree Gazette.
Brookes, M. (2003). Higher education: marketing in a quasi-commercial service industry. Henry Stewart Publications.
Cantebury, R. M. (1999, Fall). Higher education marketing: A challenge. Journal of College Admission (165), 22–30.
Dolinsky, A. & Quazi, H. (1994). A diagnostic technique for formulating market strategies in higher education based on relative competitive position. Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 5 (2).
Foster, R. S., Sauser, W. I., & Self, D. R. (1994). Marketing university outreach programs. New York: The Haworth Press, Inc.
Goldgehn, L. (1989). Admissions standards and the use of key marketing techniques by United States' colleges and universities. College and University, 65 (1).
Goldgehn, L. (1990). Are U. S. colleges and universities applying marketing techniques properly and within the context of an overall marketing plan? Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 3 (1).
Hastings, J. H. (2000, Summer). Community colleges and media: Defining identity. New Directions for Community Colleges (110), 5–11.
Hastings, J. H. (2000, Summer). Using demographics and statistics to inform target audiences. New Directions for Community Colleges (110), 51–57.
Hayes, T.J. (Ed.). (1991). New strategies in higher education marketing. New York: The Haworth Press.
Hemsley-Brown, J. & Oplatka, I. (2006). Universities in a competitive global marketplace: A systematic review of the literature on higher education marketing. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 19 (4).
Huddleston, T. (1978, November). Understanding the nature of the student market for a private university. Journal of College Student Personnel, 19 (6).
Huddleston, T. (1978). Marketing financial aid. New Directions for Higher Education. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Huddleston, T. (1980). In consideration of marketing and reorganization. The National Association College Admissions Counselors Journal, 25 (1), 18–24.
Huddleston, T. (1982, Summer). Assessing college image. College & University.
Jones, R. (1991). Trends in direct mail marketing—a survey of private four-year colleges. Journal of College Admission, (133).
Klassen, M. (2002). Relationship marketing on the Internet: The case of top- and lower-ranked US universities and colleges. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 9 (2).
Kotler, P. (1976). Applying marketing theory to college admissions. In A role for marketing in college admissions. New York: College Entrance Examination Board.
Kotler, P. (1982). Marketing for non-profit organizations (2nd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Kotler, P. & Fox, F.A. (1985). Marketing strategies for educational institutions. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Kotler, P. (1999). On marketing: How to create, win, and dominate markets. New York: The Free Press.
Kotler, P. & Armstrong, G. (2001). Principles of marketing. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Krachenberg, A.R. (1972). Bringing the concept of marketing to higher education. Journal of Higher Education, 43, 369–380.
Lauer, L.D. (2000). The status of integrated marketing in colleges and universities. The CASE International Journal of Educational Advancement, 1 (2), 101–112.
Litten, L. (1980). Marketing higher education: Benefits and risks for the American Academic System. The Journal of Higher Education, 51 (1).
Litten, L. H., Sullivan, D., & Brodigan, D. L. (1983). Applying market research in college admissions. New York: College Entrance Examination Board.
Newman, C. (2002). The current state of marketing activity among higher education institutions. Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 12 (1).
Noble, M. (1986). Marketing programs at colleges and universities: A progress report. College and University, 61 (4).
Ramasubramanian, S., Gyure, J., & Mursi, N. (2002). Impact of Internet images: Impression-formation effects of university Web site images. Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 12 (2).
Sevier, R. A. (1998). Integrated marketing for colleges, universities, and schools. Washington, DC: Council for the Advancement and Support of Education.
Sevier, R. A. (2000, May). Strategic planning—An ongoing discussion. QUICKTAKES: Insights into Research, Planning and Integrated Marketing for Colleges and Universities [On-line newsletter]. Available: Stamats E-Newsletter, 3 (7).
Sevier, R. A. (2000). Brand as relevance. [Available Online].
Sevier, R. A. (2002, February). University branding: 4 keys to success. University Business, 27–28.
Topor, R. (1997). Marketing higher education: A practical guide. [Order Online]
Topor, R. (1998). Developing a higher education marketing paradigm. [Order Online]
Topor, R. (1998). A new marketing concept for higher education: Relationship management. [Order Online]
Topor, R. (1998). Using research to evaluate your school, community college, college or university. [Order Online]
Topor, R. (1998). Institutional image assessment. [Order Online]
Topor, R. (1998). Marketing 101: Anatomy of de-marketing higher education. [Order Online]
Zemsky, R., Shaman, S., & Iannozzi, M. (1997). In search of strategic perspective: A tool for mapping the market in postsecondary education. Change, 29, 23–38.
Recruitment
Abrahamson, T. D., & Hossler, D. (1990). Applying marketing strategies in student recruitment. In D. Hossler & J. P. Bean (Eds.), The strategic management of college enrollments, (pp. 100–118). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Black, J. (2004, April 30). Good to great student recruitment. The Chronicle of Higher Education.
Breland, H., Maxey, J., Gernand, R. Cumming, T., & Trapani, C. (2000). Trends in college admission 2000: A report of a national survey of undergraduate admission policies, practices, and procedures. [PDF Available Online]
Crockett, D. S. (2002, June). A presidential perspective on successful enrollment programs: Student recruitment. Paper presented at the Noel-Levitz Presidential Enrollment Management Institute, Vail, CO.
Dolence, M. G. (1991, Summer). Setting the context for evaluation of recruitment and retention programs. New Directions for Institutional Research, (70).
Gaither, G. (Ed.). Promising practices in recruitment, remediation, & retention. New Directions in Institutional Research (108), 15–30.
Hicks, K., Stone, M., & Tapp, A. (2004). Direct and database marketing and customer relationship management in recruiting students for higher education. International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing, 9 (4).
Litten, L. H., Sullivan, D., & Brodigan, D. L. (1983). Applying market research in college admissions. New York: College Entrance Examination Board.
Low, L. & Bryant, P. (2001–02). Best practices in recruitment and retention. Iowa City, Iowa: USA Group Noel-Levitz [Producer and Distributor].
Maguire, J. & Lay, R. (1981). Modeling the college choice process: Image and decision. College & University, 56 (2).
Noel-Levitz (2002, April). How to use pertinent decision data in your admissions office to enroll the students you want. Littleton, CO: USA Group Noel-Levitz [Producer and Distributor].
Sedwick, S. W., Carpenter, D. S., Sherman, N. W., & Tipton, A. (2001, Fall). Measuring the efficacy of telemarketing in student recruitment. College & University, 77 (2), 23–27.
Sevier, R. A. (2000, Fall). Building an effective recruitment funnel. Journal of College Admission (169), 10–19.
Student Services
Anderson, L. M. & Papinchak, J. R. (2001, Winter). Re-engineering of enrollment services at Carnegie Mellon. College & University, 76 (3), 3–8.
Beede, M. & Burnett, D. (Eds.). (1999). Planning for student services: Best practices for the 21st century. Ann Arbor, MI: Society for College and University Planning.
Beede, M. (1999). Student service trends and best practices. In M. Beede & D. Burnett (Eds.), Planning for student services: Best practices for the 21st century (pp. 5–11). Ann Arbor, MI: Society for College and University Planning.
Black, J. (1995, Winter). Creating customer delight. College & University, 70 (2), 52–58.
Black, J. (2002). Creating a student service culture. In D. Burnett & D. Oblinger (Eds.), Best practices in student services (pp. 35-45). Washington, DC: Society for College and University Planning.
Burnett, D. J. (2002). Innovation in student services: Best practices and process innovation models and trends. In D. Burnett & D. Oblinger (Eds.), Best practices in student services (pp. 3–14). Washington, DC: Society for College and University Planning.
Burnett, D. J., & Oblinger, D. G. (Eds.). (2002). Innovations in student services: Planning for models blending high touch/high tech. Ann Arbor, MI: Society for College and University Planning.
Guvenoz, A. (2002). Removing the barriers to education: Creating a service model for the working adult. In D. Burnett & D. Oblinger (Eds.), Best practices in student services (pp. 23–32). Washington, DC: Society for College and University Planning.
Hillman, J. (2002, Spring). Quality service differentiates the best from the rest. Strategies, 11 (2), 5.
Katz, R.N., & Oblinger, D.G. (Eds.). (2000). The “E” is for everything. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Kidwell, J.J., Mattie, J., & Sousa, M. (2000). Preparing your campus for e-business. In R.N. Katz & D. G. Oblinger (Eds.), The “E” is for everything (pp. 87–113). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Krauth, B. (1999). Trends in support services for distance learners. In M. Beede & D. Burnett (Eds.), Planning for student services: Best practices for the 21st century (pp. 13–17). Ann Arbor, MI: Society for College and University Planning.
Kvavik, R. (2000). Transforming student services. EDUCAUSE Quarterly, 23 (2), 30–37.
Lampley, J. H. (2001, Fall). Service quality in higher education: Expectations versus experiences of doctoral students. College & University, 77 (2), 9–14.
McCauley, M. E. (1999). Enhancing transfer student services through the Web. In M. Beede & D. Burnett (Eds.), Planning for student services: Best practices for the 21st century (pp. 107–112). Ann Arbor, MI: Society for College and University Planning.
National adult student priorities report (2001). Iowa City, Iowa: USA Group Noel-Levitz [Producer and Distributor].
National student satisfaction priorities report (2001). Iowa City, Iowa: USA Group Noel-Levitz [Producer and Distributor].
Shea, P. & Blakely, B. (2002). Designing Web-based student services – collaboration style. In D. Burnett & D. Oblinger (Eds.), Best practices in student services (pp. 161–173). Washington, DC: Society for College and University Planning.
Wheatley, C. (2002). Delivering the brand experience: Keeping the promise. In D. Burnett & D. Oblinger (Eds.), Best practices in student services (pp. 15-22). Washington, DC: Society for College and University Planning.
Retention
Astin, A. W. (1977). Preventing students from dropping out. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Astin, A. W. (1993). What matters in college? Four critical years revisited. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Bean, J. P. (1990). Why students leave: Insights from research. In D. Hossler & J. P. Bean (Eds.), The strategic management of college enrollments (pp. 147–169). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Bean, J. P. (1990). Using retention research in enrollment management. In D. Hossler & J. P. Bean (Eds.), The strategic management of college enrollments (pp. 170–185). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Bean, J. P., & Eaton, S. B. (2000). A psychological model of college student retention. In J. M. Braxton (Ed.), Reworking the student departure puzzle. Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University Press.
Berger, J. B. (2001–02). Understanding the organizational nature of student persistence: Empirically-based recommendations for practice. Journal of College Student Retention, 3 (1), 3–21.
Billson, J. & Terry, M. (1987). A student retention model for higher education. College and University, 62 (4).
Black, J. (July 2002). Counting attrition’s cost. The Greentree Gazette.
Braxton, J. M. (1990). How students choose colleges. In D. Hossler & J. P. Bean (Eds.), The strategic management of college enrollments (pp. 57–67). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Braxton, J. M. (2000). Reworking the student departure puzzle. Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University Press.
Braxton, J. M. & McClendon, S. A. (2001–02). The fostering of social integration and retention through institutional practice. Journal of College Student Retention, 3 (1) 57–71.
Braxton, J. M. (2001–02). Powerful institutional levers to reduce college student departure. Journal of College Student Retention, 3 (1), 91–118.
Braxton, J. & McClendon, S. (2001-02). The fostering of social integration and retention through institutional practice. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory, and Practice, 3 (1). New York: Baywood Publishing Company.
Burr, P., Burr, R., & Novak, L. (1999). Student retention is more complicated than merely keeping the students you have today: Toward a 'seamless retention theory'. Journal of College Student Retention, 1 (3).
Cabrera, A., Nora, A., & Castaneda, M. (1993). College persistence: Structural equations modeling test of an integrated model of student retention. Journal of Higher Education, 64.
De Luca, A., Mallory, S., & Woodard, D. (2001). Retention and institutional effort: A self-study framework. NASPA Journal, 39 (1).
Deberard, M., Julka, D., & Spielmans, G. (2004). Predictors of academic achievement and retention among college freshmen: A longitudinal study. College Student Journal, 38.
Dennis, M.J. (1998). A practical guide to enrollment and retention management in higher education. Connecticut: Bergin & Garvey.
Dolence, M.G. (1991, Summer). Setting the context for evaluation of recruitment and retention programs. New Directions for Institutional Research, (70).
Gaither, G. (Ed.). Promising practices in recruitment, remediation, & retention. New Directions in Institutional Research, (108), 15–30. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Gregerman, S., Hippel, W., Jonides, J., Lerner, J., & Nagda, B. (1998). Undergraduate student-faculty research partnerships affect student retention. The Review of Higher Education, 22 (1).
Heisserer, D. L. & Parette, P. (2002). Advising at-risk students in college and university settings. College Student Journal, 36 (1), 69–83.
Hurd, Hilary. (2000). Staying power: Colleges work to improve retention rates. Black Issues in Higher Education, 17 (18).
Kinnick, M. & Ricks, M. (1993). Student retention: Moving from numbers to action. Research in Higher Education, 34 (1).
Kuh, G. D. (2001). Organizational culture and student persistence: Prospects and puzzles. Journal of College Student Retention, 3 (1), 23–29.
Lang, M. (2001–02). Student retention in higher education: Some conceptual and programmatic perspectives. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory, and Practice, 3 (3).
Lau, L. (2003). Institutional factors affecting student retention. Education, 124.
Levitz, R. S. & Noel, L. (1989). Connecting students to institutions: Keys to retention and success. In Upcraft, M.L., Gardner, J.N., & Associates (Eds.), The freshman year experience (pp. 65–81). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Levitz, R. S., Noel, L., & Richter, B. J. (1999). Strategic moves for retention success. New Directions for Higher Education (108), 31–49.
Light, R. J. (2001). Making the most of college: Students speak their minds. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Low, L. & Bryant, P. (2001–02). Best practices in recruitment and retention. Iowa City, Iowa: USA Group Noel-Levitz [Producer and Distributor].
McLaughlin, G. W., Brozovsky, P. V., & McLaughlin, J. S. (1998). Changing perspectives on student retention: A role for institutional research. Research in Higher Education, 39 (1).
McReynolds, J. & Sidle, M. (1999). The freshman year experience: Student retention and student success. NASPA Journal, 36 (4).
Mosley, D. & White, W. (1995). Twelve year pattern of retention and attrition in a commuter type university. Education, 115.
Newman, B. & Newman, P. (1999). What does it take to have a positive impact on minority students' college retention? Adolescence, 34.
Noel, L., Levitz, R. S., Saluri, D. & Associates (1985). Increasing student retention. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Pascarella, E. T. & Terenzini, P. T. (1991). How college affects students: Findings and insights from twenty years of research. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Reason, R. (2003). Student variables that predict retention: Recent research and new developments. NASPA Journal, 40 (4).
Tinto, V. (1993). Leaving college: Rethinking the causes and cures of student attrition (2nd ed.). Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Financial Aid
Bowen, H. (1980). The costs of higher education—How much do colleges and universities spend per student and how much should they spend? San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Coomes, M. D. (2000). The role student aid plays in enrollment management. New Directions for Student Services, 89.
Dangerfield, A. & Engell, J. (2005). Saving higher education in the age of money. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press.
Davis, J. S. (2000, November). College affordability: Overlooked long-term trends and recent 50-state patterns. USA Group Foundation New Agenda Series, 3 (1) 1–75.
Dowd, A. (2004). Income and financial aid effects on persistence and degree attainment in public colleges. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 12 (21).
Elliott, W. F. (1980). Financial aid decisions and implications of market management. In J. B. Henry (Ed.), New Directions for Institutional Research—The impact of student financial aid on institutions, 25, 45–59.
Hubbel, L. L. (1992). Tuition discounting: The impact of institutionally funded financial aid. Washington, DC: National Association of College and University Business Officers.
Huddleston, T. (1978). Marketing financial aid. New Directions for Higher Education. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Kimrey, R. P. (2000). Enhancing recruitment with financial aid packaging. The SACRAO Journal, 15, 21–23.
van der Klaauw, W. (2002, November). Estimating the effect of financial aid offers on college enrollment: A regression-discontinuity approach. International Economic Review, 43 (4).
Lapovsky, L. (1997). Phantom dollars—Findings from 1996 NACUBO tuition discounting survey. Business Officer, 23–26, 32–34.
Lapovsky, L. (1998). Wisdom needed—NACUBO's institutional student aid survey provides pricing data. Business Officer, 17–24.
McPherson, M.S. & Schapiro, M.O. (1998). Student aid game—Meeting need and rewarding talent in American higher education. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
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The College Board (2002). Trends in student aid